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Latin Name: Phoebis sennae
Species: Terrestrial Invertebrate
Conservation Status: S5
The Cloudless Sulphur is a small, fast-flying butterfly with a wingspan of about 2.5 inches. Adults are typically bright yellow with minimal markings, although females have a thin dark border on the upper wings. A distinguishing feature is their long proboscis, which allows them to feed on tubular flowers inaccessible to many other butterfly species.
Range & Habitat
This butterfly is common in the eastern and southern United States, extending into the Southwest and parts of Central and South America. Occasionally, individuals migrate as far north as Canada. Cloudless Sulphurs thrive in open, sunny habitats such as roadsides, fields, and gardens where wildflowers are abundant.
Diet
Adults feed on nectar from tubular flowers, often preferring red blossoms. Caterpillars feed exclusively on plants in the senna genus, such as partridge pea.
Life History
Migration occurs each spring as butterflies move northward to breed. Females lay eggs on senna plants, and the resulting caterpillars develop into distinctive green or yellow larvae before forming an elongated chrysalis with a central hump. Adults emerge to continue the cycle.
Significance
Because of their abundance and vivid coloration, Cloudless Sulphurs are easily recognized and enjoyed by people across much of their range.
Threats & How You Can Help
Habitat loss, fragmentation, and pesticide use are primary threats to these butterflies, as they reduce both nectar and host plant availability. To help, plant native nectar flowers and senna species in gardens and minimize chemical pesticide applications.