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Latin Name: Dione vanillae
Species: Terrestrial Invertebrate
The Gulf Fritillary is a medium-sized butterfly with a wingspan of about 3–4 inches. The upper surface of its long, narrow wings is bright orange with black spots, while the undersides are a striking mix of orange, red, and large silvery-white patches. Females are slightly larger than males and exhibit darker patterning.
Range & Habitat
This butterfly is found throughout the southern United States, Central America, and South America. During spring and summer, some populations migrate northward into central U.S. regions. Gulf Fritillaries occupy diverse habitats, from natural meadows and open woodlands to roadsides, parks, and gardens where nectar plants are present.
Diet
Adults feed on nectar from various flowers, including native asters, rudbeckia, and coreopsis. Passionflower vines (native yellow and purple species) are their exclusive host plants, with caterpillars feeding solely on their leaves.
Life History
Gulf Fritillaries produce multiple generations each year. Females lay small yellow eggs on passionflower stems and leaves, which hatch into bright orange caterpillars covered with black spines. After feeding and growing, they form a chrysalis that resembles a curled dead leaf. Adults emerge in about 10 days, continuing the cycle.
Significance
These butterflies are important pollinators and are beloved for their vivid coloration, which attracts birdwatchers and gardeners.
Threats & How You Can Help
Habitat loss, the removal of host plants, pesticide use, and climate change threaten populations by reducing breeding and nectar resources. To support Gulf Fritillaries, plant native nectar flowers and passionflower vines, and avoid using harmful pesticides in gardens and natural areas.