Cobia
Latin Name: Rachycentron canadum
Species: Fish
Conservation Status: Not Evaluated
Cobia have elongated, torpedo-shaped bodies with dark brown sides and back and 2 silver bands on the sides. Their heads are broad and depressed. The first dorsal fin on cobia consists of 7-9 short, isolated spines that are retractable. Their second dorsal fin is long, with 27-33 rays. Cobia average 30 inches and 15 pounds, with the South Carolina state record reaching 92 pounds.
Range & Habitat (map)
Along the Atlantic coast, cobia can be found from Virginia to the Gulf of Mexico. They are present in nearshore South Carolina waters from April through October. During the fall and winter, they move south and offshore towards warmer waters.
Diet
Cobia are opportunistic feeders, primarily feeding on blue crabs but will also consume shrimp and fish. Young juveniles and larval cobia feed on zooplankton.
Life History
Cobia inhabit coastal and continental shelf waters and are often associated with reefs or wrecks, larger marine organisms, and drifting or stationary objects. Juveniles utilize inshore habitats like estuaries, river mouths, bays, sounds, and inlets. Cobia reach maturity at 2-3 years of age, males being 24 inches and females being 31 inches. In South Carolina, spawning takes place from May to August, most likely in the mouths of rivers and bays. Larval development is rapid and requires high salinity waters from the Gulf Stream.
Significance
Most nearshore cobia in South Carolina are found in and around the Port Royal Sound. Further north, they tend to move offshore. Recreational fishermen enjoy catching this marine species.
Threats & How You Can Help
Threats to cobia include degradation of nearshore habitat and water quality, overfishing, and a lack of knowledge of spawning sites in South Carolina. If fishing for cobia, it is important to follow all regulations including size, catch, and seasonal limits. Purchasing a Saltwater Fishing License is required to fish recreationally in the Port Royal Sound, and also contributes money towards conservation.