Latin Name: Orthopristis chrysoptera
Species: Fish
Conservation Status: S4-5 - Secure
They are easily distinguished by their colorful bodies which consist of orange, blue, and yellow. They also have strips horizontally down their sides. However, they get their names because of a grunting or pig-like sound they make when disturbed that is made by the grinding of their pharyngeal teeth. On average they get about 6-12 inches in length, and only reach up to 2 pounds.
Range & Habitat
Primarily they are found along the western and southern east coast of the United States but also can be found in coastal areas of the Gulf. They prefer shallow and warm coastal environments like seagrass beds, estuaries, practically any area with sandy or muddy bottoms. They like environments that have lots of cover which commonly relate to nearshore reefs, other structures, or grass beds.
Diet
Since they mainly stay along the seafloor they feed on benthic creatures mainly crustaceans like shrimp, and small crabs. They have strong jaws and teeth which helps them sift through sandy or muddy bottoms to uncover their prey. The juveniles typically eat small invertebrates but the adults target larger prey.
Life History
This species spawns in both nearshore environments but only during spring and summer when waters are warmer. The females lay their eggs in estuaries and bays once hatched, the larvae drift throughout the water column. Then as juveniles they continue to live in protected estuaries and seagrass beds where they feed, and grow, reaching maturity around 1 to 2 years old. However, they have a rather short lifespan only living to about 5 years old. As adults they typically live in schools but remain along the sea floor.
Significance
This species is important both ecological and economical. In their ecosystems they play a key role in managing smaller species but also act as a food source for larger fish and marine mammals. For fisherman they are a good species for live bait, they are not targeted for human consumption but most people find they are great for catching larger species.
Threats & How You Can Help
Like most marine species they are at risk of habitat loss, and pollution. These threats are caused by a whole list of things like pesticides, coastal development, and even climate change. The best way to help this species is to minimize your own pollution, and educate those around you to better the preservation of their habitats.
Additional Resources
https://www.deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/marine-fisheries/public-information-and-education/species-profiles/pigfish
https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.102873/Orthopristis_chrysoptera